Guide

Vehicle risk checks, before you buy

Finance, write-off status and stolen markers each answer a different question. Here's what each one actually covers.

how-toUpdated 19 August 2026

Why "a history check" is really several checks

People often ask for "a history check" as if it's one lookup, but the useful checks on a used car are really separate questions pulled from different sources:

  • Outstanding finance: is money still owed on the car under a hire-purchase or PCP agreement, meaning the car isn't fully the seller's to sell?
  • Write-off category: has an insurer declared the car a total loss, and if so, was it Cat N (non-structural) or Cat S (structural repair)?
  • Stolen markers: has the vehicle ever been reported stolen and not recovered or resolved?
  • Mileage consistency: do recorded readings climb steadily across MOT tests and service visits, or is there a jump or drop worth questioning?

Why outstanding finance matters most

Buying a car with finance still owed on it doesn't automatically make the sale illegal, but it can leave the buyer exposed: if the previous owner defaults, the finance company can in some circumstances repossess the car from whoever's driving it, even if that person bought it in good faith. A finance check flags whether an agreement is still recorded against the registration before that becomes your problem. A ServiceByReg report includes this alongside the other risk markers, so it's one check rather than several.

Putting it together

Each of these checks draws on a different data source (DVLA, insurers, finance houses), so no single free lookup covers all of them reliably. If you want finance status, write-off history and mileage checked together in one search, providers like MOTCO's outstanding finance check combine those markers into a single report.

None of this replaces seeing the car in person

Treat a clean report as one good sign among several, not the only thing that matters.

Common questions

How much does a vehicle risk check cost?

Free versions exist but usually only cover one marker or a limited data source. Paid reports combining finance, write-off and mileage in one search typically cost a small fixed fee, well below the cost of buying a car with a hidden problem.

Can I run a vehicle risk check without the owner's permission?

Yes. These checks use only the registration number and public/licensed data sources, so you don't need the current owner's consent to run one.